ATLANTA — Most new laws the General Assembly enacted this year took effect in July. But some significant legislation or portions of legislation lawmakers passed pertaining to elections, taxes, and health care don’t become operative until New Year’s Day. The list includes Senate Bill 189, a controversial election reform measure the legislature’s Republican majorities passed along party lines. While most of the 24-page bill took effect in July, three of its provisions don’t kick in until Jan. 1.